{"id":9358,"date":"2022-12-05T10:16:39","date_gmt":"2022-12-05T07:16:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hosting.com.tr\/blog\/?p=9358"},"modified":"2025-08-14T09:29:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-14T06:29:05","slug":"design-patterns","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hosting.com.tr\/blog\/design-patterns\/","title":{"rendered":"Design Patterns (Tasar\u0131m Kal\u0131plar\u0131) Nedir? T\u00fcrleri Nelerdir? Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n

Bir tasar\u0131m kal\u0131b\u0131 nihai kod de\u011fil, yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015ftirme a\u015famas\u0131ndaki yeni bir senaryoda sorunun nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclece\u011fini bilmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir \u015fablon y\u00f6ntemidir. Bir\u00e7ok yaz\u0131l\u0131m m\u00fchendisi, sorunlar\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6zmek ve tasar\u0131m modellerini geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in bu y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131r. Bu tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 takip etmek, \u00e7e\u015fitli geli\u015ftirme problemlerini \u00e7\u00f6zmenize yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Tasar\u0131m kal\u0131b\u0131, \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rken meydana gelen en yayg\u0131n hatalar\u0131 kapsar. Yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve kullan\u0131ma uyarlanabilirdir. T\u00fcm hatalar\u0131n ve zorluklar\u0131n bir dizi \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc ve zaman i\u00e7inde bir\u00e7ok geli\u015ftirme projesi vard\u0131r. Bu, yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftirirken benzer hata ve eksikliklerin \u00f6nlenmesine ve ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Design Patterns (Tasar\u0131m Kal\u0131plar\u0131) Nedir?\u00a0<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Design patterns<\/strong> yani tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131<\/strong>, yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftirmede yayg\u0131n olarak kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan zorluklar i\u00e7in yeniden kullan\u0131labilir nesne y\u00f6nelimli yaz\u0131l\u0131mlard\u0131r. Yinelenen tasar\u0131m sorunlar\u0131na zaman i\u00e7inde test edilmi\u015f yan\u0131tlard\u0131r. Hem bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fcn a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131 hem de belirli bir sorunu ele al\u0131rken kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bir tasar\u0131m kal\u0131b\u0131, b\u0131rak\u0131p hemen kullanmaya ba\u015flayabilece\u011finiz bir k\u00fct\u00fcphane veya \u00e7er\u00e7eve de\u011fildir. Bir\u00e7ok geli\u015ftiricinin daha \u00f6nce \u00fcstesinden geldi\u011fi bir sorunla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerilen, yerle\u015fik bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme tekni\u011fidir. \u00d6zetle tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131, halihaz\u0131rda yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan\u0131 yapmaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nman\u0131za yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Yaz\u0131l\u0131m Geli\u015ftirmede 23 Tasar\u0131m Kal\u0131b\u0131<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\"\"<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bug\u00fcne kadar ke\u015ffedilen en az 26 tasar\u0131m kal\u0131b\u0131 olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen 23 klasik tasar\u0131m kal\u0131b\u0131 vard\u0131r. Bu tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131, “Gang of Four” (GoF): Erich Gamma, Richard Helm, Ralph Johnson ve John Vlissides taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131nlanan 1994 tarihli bir kitap olan Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software’in yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131ndan sonra pop\u00fclerlik kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.\u00a0<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131, ama\u00e7lar\u0131na g\u00f6re yarat\u0131c\u0131 tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131, yap\u0131sal tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131 <\/strong>ve davran\u0131\u015fsal tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131<\/strong> olarak d\u00fczenlenen \u00fc\u00e7 tipe ayr\u0131labilir:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1. Yarat\u0131c\u0131 Tasar\u0131m Kal\u0131plar\u0131<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Yarat\u0131c\u0131 bir tasar\u0131m kal\u0131b\u0131, belirli bir durum i\u00e7in hangi nesnelerin olu\u015fturuldu\u011fu konusunda rehberlik sa\u011flayarak nesne olu\u015fturma ve ba\u015flatma ile ilgilenir. Bu tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131, esnekli\u011fi art\u0131rmak ve mevcut kodu yeniden kullanmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Factory Y\u00f6ntemi:<\/strong> Ortak bir aray\u00fcze sahip nesneler olu\u015fturur ve bir s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n somutla\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 alt s\u0131n\u0131flara ertelemesine izin verir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Abstract Factory:<\/strong> \u0130lgili nesnelerden olu\u015fan bir aile olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Olu\u015fturucu:<\/strong> Karma\u015f\u0131k nesneler olu\u015fturmak, yap\u0131y\u0131 ve temsili ay\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ad\u0131m ad\u0131m bir modeldir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Prototip:<\/strong> Kod s\u0131n\u0131flara ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale gelmeden mevcut nesnelerin kopyalanmas\u0131n\u0131 destekler.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Singleton:<\/strong> Bir s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7in nesne olu\u015fturmay\u0131 yaln\u0131zca bir \u00f6rnekle s\u0131n\u0131rlar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

2. Yap\u0131sal Tasar\u0131m Kal\u0131plar\u0131<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Yap\u0131sal bir tasar\u0131m kal\u0131b\u0131, s\u0131n\u0131f ve nesne kompozisyonu veya nesnelerin ve s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n daha b\u00fcy\u00fck yap\u0131lara nas\u0131l monte edilece\u011fi ile ilgilenir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131c\u0131:<\/strong> Uyumsuz arabirimlerin birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na izin vermek i\u00e7in bir arabirimin ba\u015fka bir mevcut s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131n arabirimine nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirilece\u011fi veya uyarlanaca\u011f\u0131 ile ilgilidir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

K\u00f6pr\u00fc:<\/strong> Bir arabirimi uygulamas\u0131ndan ay\u0131rma y\u00f6ntemidir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Bile\u015fik:<\/strong> Tek bir nesne olarak manip\u00fclasyonu desteklemek i\u00e7in bir a\u011fa\u00e7 yap\u0131s\u0131ndan yararlan\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Dekorat\u00f6r:<\/strong> \u0130\u015flevselli\u011fi dinamik olarak geni\u015fletir (ekler veya ge\u00e7ersiz k\u0131lar).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Cephe:<\/strong> B\u00fcy\u00fck bir kod g\u00f6vdesinin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 basitle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in \u00fcst d\u00fczey bir arabirim tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Flyweight:<\/strong> Verileri benzer nesnelerle payla\u015farak bellek kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 en aza indirir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Proxy:<\/strong> Eri\u015fim kontrol\u00fcn\u00fc etkinle\u015ftirmek, maliyeti ve karma\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in bir nesneyi ba\u015fka bir nesneyle nas\u0131l temsil etmeniz gerekti\u011fi ile ilgilidir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

3. Davran\u0131\u015fsal Tasar\u0131m Kal\u0131plar\u0131<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Davran\u0131\u015fsal bir tasar\u0131m kal\u0131b\u0131, nesneler aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim ve nesneler aras\u0131nda sorumluluklar\u0131n nas\u0131l atand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ile ilgilidir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Sorumluluk Zinciri:<\/strong> \u0130\u015fleme nesneleri zincirine devredilecek komutlar i\u00e7in bir y\u00f6ntemdir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Komut: <\/strong>Bir nesnede bir komut iste\u011fini kaps\u00fcller.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Terc\u00fcman:<\/strong> Bir uygulama i\u00e7inde dil \u00f6\u011felerinin kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 destekler.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Yineleyici: <\/strong>Koleksiyon \u00f6\u011felerine yinelemeli (s\u0131ral\u0131) eri\u015fimi destekler.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Arabulucu:<\/strong> S\u0131n\u0131flar aras\u0131ndaki basit ileti\u015fimi ifade eder.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Memento:<\/strong> Bir nesnenin dahili\/orijinal durumunu kaydetme ve geri y\u00fckleme i\u015flemidir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

G\u00f6zlemci: <\/strong>Di\u011fer nesne(ler)deki de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin nesnelere nas\u0131l bildirilece\u011fini tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Durum:<\/strong> A\u015famas\u0131 de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finde bir nesnenin davran\u0131\u015f\u0131 nas\u0131l de\u011fi\u015ftirilir?<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Strateji:<\/strong> Bir s\u0131n\u0131f i\u00e7indeki bir algoritmay\u0131 kaps\u00fcller.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Ziyaret\u00e7i:<\/strong> S\u0131n\u0131fta de\u011fi\u015fiklik yapmadan s\u0131n\u0131f \u00fczerinde yeni bir i\u015flem tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u015eablon Y\u00f6ntemi: <\/strong>Alt s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n belirli ad\u0131mlar\u0131 iyile\u015ftirmesine izin verirken bir i\u015flemin iskeletini tan\u0131mlar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Tasar\u0131m Kal\u0131plar\u0131na Neden \u0130htiya\u00e7 Duyar\u0131z?<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
\r\n
\"\"<\/figure>\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131; tasarlamas\u0131, uygulamas\u0131, de\u011fi\u015ftirmesi, test etmesi ve yeniden kullanmas\u0131 daha kolay olan nesne y\u00f6nelimli yaz\u0131l\u0131m tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 desteklemek i\u00e7in en iyi uygulama yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 sunar. Bu tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131 en iyi uygulamalar\u0131 ve yap\u0131lar\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

1. Kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcm<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131, yayg\u0131n bir soruna kan\u0131tlanm\u0131\u015f ve g\u00fcvenilir bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sa\u011flar. Bu, yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftiricinin ayn\u0131 sorun ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda en ba\u015ftan u\u011fra\u015fmayaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

2. Yeniden Kullan\u0131labilirlik<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131, pek \u00e7ok t\u00fcrdeki sorunu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in de\u011fi\u015ftirilebilir, yaln\u0131zca tek bir soruna ba\u011fl\u0131 de\u011fildir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

3. Etkileyicilik<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Tasar\u0131m desenleri zarif bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmd\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

4. Yeniden D\u00fczenleme Kodu \u0130htiyac\u0131n\u0131 \u00d6nleme<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Tasar\u0131m kal\u0131b\u0131 zaten sorun i\u00e7in en uygun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm oldu\u011fundan, bu, yeniden d\u00fczenlemeyi \u00f6nleyebilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

5. Kod Taban\u0131n\u0131n Boyutunu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Her kal\u0131p, yaz\u0131l\u0131m geli\u015ftiricilerin sistemin tam bir yeniden tasar\u0131m olmadan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma \u015feklini de\u011fi\u015ftirmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ayr\u0131ca, optimum \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm olarak, tasar\u0131m deseni genellikle daha az kod gerektirir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Yaz\u0131l\u0131m M\u00fchendisli\u011finde Tasar\u0131m Kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n Avantajlar\u0131<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

En iyi yaz\u0131l\u0131m tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131 ortak bir dilden yararlanarak geli\u015ftiricilerin sorunlar hakk\u0131nda ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 ve planlaman\u0131n erken a\u015famalar\u0131nda kod okunabilirli\u011fini ve mimariyi geli\u015ftirmesini kolayla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130yi kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131 hem geli\u015ftirme s\u00fcrecini h\u0131zland\u0131rabilir hem de genel olarak hata olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131 da dilden ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zd\u0131r (nesne y\u00f6nelimli diller i\u00e7in), ancak baz\u0131 kal\u0131plar belirli dillerde di\u011ferlerine g\u00f6re daha kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Neden Bu Teknolojiye \u0130htiyac\u0131n\u0131z Var?<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Geli\u015ftiricilerin kod yazmak i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00f6ntemleri vard\u0131r. End\u00fcstriyel d\u00fczeylerde ve uygun yollarla tipik zorluklarla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rlar; t\u00fcm bunlar bu teknoloji taraf\u0131ndan halledilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

Tasar\u0131m kal\u0131b\u0131, bir nesneden di\u011ferine veri iletimine ve i\u015flevlerin ve di\u011fer y\u00f6ntemlerin g\u00f6nderilmesine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur. Ayr\u0131ca, program\u0131n gereksinimlerine g\u00f6re kullan\u0131m i\u00e7in m\u00fckemmel yeniden kullan\u0131labilir kodlar\u0131 korumak ve geli\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 esnek ve anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r tutmak i\u00e7in gev\u015fek ba\u011fl\u0131 kod olu\u015fturmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olurlar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n

\u00d6zetle diyebiliriz ki, yaz\u0131l\u0131m m\u00fchendisli\u011finde, yaz\u0131l\u0131m tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131 kullanman\u0131n avantajlar\u0131 ve dezavantajlar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Yaz\u0131l\u0131m tasar\u0131m kal\u0131plar\u0131n\u0131n ne zaman kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ne zaman kullan\u0131lmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve her kal\u0131b\u0131n en iyi nas\u0131l uygulanaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilmek, deneyimli bir ekibe sahip olmaktan ge\u00e7er.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Bir tasar\u0131m kal\u0131b\u0131 nihai kod de\u011fil, yaz\u0131l\u0131m\u0131n geli\u015ftirme a\u015famas\u0131ndaki yeni bir senaryoda sorunun nas\u0131l \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclece\u011fini bilmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan…\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":9360,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_appearance_grid":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[359],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-9358","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-tasarim","8":"cs-entry","9":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"\nDesign Patterns (Tasar\u0131m Kal\u0131plar\u0131) Nedir? T\u00fcrleri Nelerdir? Kullan\u0131m Alanlar\u0131 - Hosting.com.tr<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hosting.com.tr\/blog\/design-patterns\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Design Patterns (Tasar\u0131m Kal\u0131plar\u0131) Nedir? T\u00fcrleri Nelerdir? 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