{"id":10060,"date":"2023-04-03T11:52:34","date_gmt":"2023-04-03T08:52:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hosting.com.tr\/blog\/?p=10060"},"modified":"2024-01-22T15:54:00","modified_gmt":"2024-01-22T12:54:00","slug":"arp","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hosting.com.tr\/blog\/arp\/","title":{"rendered":"ARP (Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc) Nedir? Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r? Nelerden Olu\u015fur?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)<\/strong> yani <strong>Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc<\/strong>, OSI modelindeki a\u011f katman\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli protokollerinden biridir ve sistemin IP adresine verilen <strong>MAC (Media Access Control)<\/strong> adresini bulmaya yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir cihaz ayn\u0131 a\u011fdaki ba\u015fka bir cihaza veri g\u00f6ndermek istedi\u011finde, hedef IP adresi i\u00e7in zaten bir e\u015flemeye sahip olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nce ARP \u00f6nbelle\u011fini kontrol eder. E\u015fleme \u00f6nbellekte yoksa, cihaz, hedef IP adresine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen MAC adresini soran a\u011fa bir ARP istek yay\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6nderir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hosting.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/arp-adres-cozumleme-protokolu-nedir.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-10063\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hosting.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/arp-adres-cozumleme-protokolu-nedir.jpeg 1000w, https:\/\/www.hosting.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/arp-adres-cozumleme-protokolu-nedir-300x150.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hosting.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/arp-adres-cozumleme-protokolu-nedir-768x384.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>ARP iste\u011fi a\u011fdaki t\u00fcm cihazlar taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131n\u0131r, ancak sadece kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen IP adresine sahip cihaz MAC adresiyle yan\u0131t verir. \u0130stekte bulunan cihaz daha sonra IP-MAC adres e\u015flemesini ARP \u00f6nbelle\u011fine ekleyerek hedef cihazla ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ARP, yerel a\u011f ileti\u015fimi i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir protokold\u00fcr ve bilgisayarlar, y\u00f6nlendiriciler ve di\u011fer a\u011f ayg\u0131tlar\u0131 dahil olmak \u00fczere bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrde ayg\u0131t taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r. Ancak, ARP durum bilgisi olmayan bir protokol oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bir bilgisayar korsan\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f trafi\u011fini engellemek ve manip\u00fcle etmek i\u00e7in yanl\u0131\u015f ARP mesajlar\u0131 g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ARP sahtekarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131zd\u0131r. Bu riski azaltmak i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok a\u011f g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc, ARP sahtekarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tespit eden ve \u00f6nleyen \u00f6zellikler i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"arp-adres-cozumleme-protokolu-nasil-calisir\">ARP (Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc) Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"500\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hosting.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/arp-adres-cozumleme-protokolu-nasil-calisir.jpeg\" alt=\"ARP (Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc) Nas\u0131l \u00c7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r?\" class=\"wp-image-10062\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hosting.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/arp-adres-cozumleme-protokolu-nasil-calisir.jpeg 1000w, https:\/\/www.hosting.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/arp-adres-cozumleme-protokolu-nasil-calisir-300x150.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/www.hosting.com.tr\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/arp-adres-cozumleme-protokolu-nasil-calisir-768x384.jpeg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption>Kaynak: techtarget<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>A\u015fa\u011f\u0131da ARP\u2019nin (Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc) nas\u0131l \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair basitle\u015ftirilmi\u015f bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 bulabilirsiniz:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bir cihaz, ayn\u0131 yerel a\u011fdaki ba\u015fka bir cihaza veri g\u00f6ndermek istedi\u011finde, ancak sadece hedef IP adresini bildi\u011finde, g\u00f6nderen cihaz, hedef IP adresi i\u00e7in zaten bir e\u015flemeye sahip olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in ARP \u00f6nbelle\u011fini kontrol eder. E\u015fleme yoksa, hedef IP adresine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen MAC adresini soran yerel a\u011fa bir ARP istek yay\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6nderir.<\/li><li>ARP iste\u011fi yerel a\u011fdaki t\u00fcm cihazlar taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131n\u0131r, ancak sadece kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen IP adresine sahip cihaz MAC adresiyle yan\u0131t verir. Yan\u0131t do\u011frudan istekte bulunan cihaza g\u00f6nderilir.<\/li><li>\u0130stekte bulunan cihaz, ARP yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r ve IP-MAC adres e\u015flemesini ARP \u00f6nbelle\u011fine ekler. Bu, hedef cihazla ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li><li>G\u00f6nderen cihaz, g\u00f6ndermek istedi\u011fi verileri, hedef cihaz\u0131n MAC adresini i\u00e7eren bir veri ba\u011flant\u0131 katman\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesi i\u00e7inde kaps\u00fcller.<\/li><li>\u00c7er\u00e7eve, yerel a\u011f \u00fczerinden verileri alan ve i\u015fleyen hedef cihaza iletilir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>ARP, OSI modelinin veri ba\u011flant\u0131 katman\u0131nda (Katman 2) \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r ve Katman 3&#8217;teki <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hosting.com.tr\/blog\/ip\/\">IP (\u0130nternet Protokol\u00fc)<\/a> gibi a\u011f katman\u0131 protokolleri ile birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r. ARP, yerel a\u011f ileti\u015fimi i\u00e7in kritik bir protokold\u00fcr ve bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 ayg\u0131t t\u00fcrleri taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"adres-cozumleme-protokolu-nelerden-olusur\">Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc Nelerden Olu\u015fur?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc (ARP) iki ana bile\u015fenden olu\u015fur: <strong>ARP \u0130ste\u011fi <\/strong>ve <strong>ARP Yan\u0131t\u0131<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ARP \u0130ste\u011fi (ARP Request):<\/strong> Yerel bir a\u011fdaki bir cihaz ba\u015fka bir cihazla ileti\u015fim kurmak istedi\u011finde, hedef IP adresi i\u00e7in zaten bir e\u015flemeye sahip olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nce ARP \u00f6nbelle\u011fini kontrol eder. E\u015fleme yoksa, g\u00f6nderen cihaz yerel a\u011fa bir ARP istek yay\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6nderir ve hedef IP adresine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen MAC adresini ister. ARP \u0130ste\u011fi mesaj\u0131, g\u00f6nderenin MAC ve IP adreslerini ve hedefin IP adresini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ARP Yan\u0131t\u0131 (ARP Reply):<\/strong> \u0130lgili IP adresine sahip olan cihaz, ARP iste\u011fine ARP yan\u0131t\u0131 ile yan\u0131t verir. ARP Yan\u0131t mesaj\u0131, g\u00f6nderenin MAC ve IP adreslerini ve hedefin MAC adresini i\u00e7erir. ARP Yan\u0131t\u0131 do\u011frudan istekte bulunan cihaza g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ARP ayr\u0131ca daha h\u0131zl\u0131 sonraki aramalar i\u00e7in IP-MAC adres e\u015flemelerini depolayan bir \u00f6nbellek mekanizmas\u0131 i\u00e7erir. ARP \u00f6nbelle\u011fi, IP adreslerinin MAC adreslerine e\u015flemelerini i\u00e7eren bir tablodur. Bir cihaz bir ARP yan\u0131t\u0131 ald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, sonraki ileti\u015fim i\u00e7in MAC adresine h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde eri\u015febilmesi i\u00e7in ARP \u00f6nbelle\u011fini IP-MAC adres e\u015flemesi ile g\u00fcnceller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ARP \u0130ste\u011fi ve ARP Yan\u0131t mesajlar\u0131na ek olarak ARP, bir cihaz\u0131n kendi MAC adresini a\u011fdaki di\u011fer cihazlara duyurmak i\u00e7in kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 <strong>Gratuitous ARP<\/strong> mesajlar\u0131n\u0131 da i\u00e7erir. <strong>Kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ks\u0131z ARP mesajlar\u0131,<\/strong> bir cihaz bir a\u011fa ilk ba\u011fland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda veya MAC adresi de\u011fi\u015fti\u011finde g\u00f6nderilir. Bu, a\u011fdaki di\u011fer cihazlar\u0131n ARP \u00f6nbelleklerini g\u00f6nderen cihaz i\u00e7in do\u011fru MAC adresiyle g\u00fcncellemelerine yard\u0131mc\u0131 olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"arp-istek-paketi-gonderilmesi\">ARP \u0130stek Paketi G\u00f6nderilmesi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir ARP (Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc) istek paketi g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in bir a\u011f protokol\u00fc analiz\u00f6r\u00fc veya Python gibi bir programlama dili ile Scapy gibi bir kitapl\u0131k kullanabilirsiniz.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fakat ARP istek paketleri g\u00f6ndermenin, a\u011f sorunlar\u0131n\u0131 giderme gibi me\u015fru ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini, ancak ARP sahtekarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi k\u00f6t\u00fc ama\u00e7lar i\u00e7in de kullan\u0131labilece\u011fini unutmaman\u0131z gerekir. Bu noktada ARP istek paketlerini sorumlu bir \u015fekilde ve i\u015fletmenizin g\u00fcvenlik politikalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda kullanman\u0131z \u00f6nemlidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"arp-cerceve-formati\">ARP \u00c7er\u00e7eve Format\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc (ARP) \u00e7er\u00e7eve format\u0131<\/strong> a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki alanlardan olu\u015fur:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Donan\u0131m t\u00fcr\u00fc (2 bayt): <\/strong>Kullan\u0131lan donan\u0131m adresinin t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc belirtir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Ethernet&#8217;in donan\u0131m t\u00fcr\u00fc 1&#8217;dir.<\/li><li><strong>Protokol t\u00fcr\u00fc (2 bayt):<\/strong> Kullan\u0131lan protokol adresinin t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc belirtir. \u00d6rne\u011fin IP, 0x0800 protokol t\u00fcr\u00fcne sahiptir.<\/li><li><strong>Donan\u0131m adresi uzunlu\u011fu (1 bayt):<\/strong> Donan\u0131m adresinin bayt cinsinden uzunlu\u011funu belirtir. \u00d6rne\u011fin Ethernet, 6 baytl\u0131k bir donan\u0131m adres uzunlu\u011funa sahiptir.<\/li><li><strong>Protokol adresi uzunlu\u011fu (1 bayt): <\/strong>Protokol adresinin bayt cinsinden uzunlu\u011funu belirtir. \u00d6rne\u011fin IP, 4 baytl\u0131k bir protokol adres uzunlu\u011funa sahiptir.<\/li><li><strong>\u0130\u015flem kodu (2 bayt): <\/strong>G\u00f6nderilen ARP mesaj\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc belirtir. Bir ARP iste\u011finin de\u011feri 1 iken, bir ARP yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131n de\u011feri 2&#8217;dir.<\/li><li><strong>G\u00f6nderici donan\u0131m adresi (de\u011fi\u015fken uzunluk):<\/strong> G\u00f6ndericinin donan\u0131m adresini belirtir.<\/li><li><strong>G\u00f6nderici protokol adresi (de\u011fi\u015fken uzunluk):<\/strong> G\u00f6nderenin protokol adresini belirtir.<\/li><li><strong>Hedef donan\u0131m adresi (de\u011fi\u015fken uzunluk):<\/strong> Hedef cihaz\u0131n donan\u0131m adresini belirtir. Bu alan sadece ARP istek mesajlar\u0131nda bulunur.<\/li><li><strong>Hedef protokol adresi (de\u011fi\u015fken uzunluk):<\/strong> Hedef cihaz\u0131n protokol adresini belirtir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>G\u00f6nderici ve hedef adreslerinin uzunlu\u011fu, donan\u0131m adres uzunlu\u011fu ve protokol adres uzunlu\u011fu alanlar\u0131nda belirtilen de\u011ferlere ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6rne\u011fin, donan\u0131m adres uzunlu\u011fu 6 bayt ve protokol adres uzunlu\u011fu 4 bayt ise, g\u00f6nderici ve hedef adreslerin uzunlu\u011fu s\u0131ras\u0131yla 6 bayt ve 4 bayt olacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ARP \u00e7er\u00e7eve format\u0131, OSI modelinin 2. katman\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r ve yerel bir a\u011fdaki cihazlar aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim i\u00e7in gereklidir. ARP, cihazlar\u0131n bir a\u011fdaki cihazlar aras\u0131nda veri g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in gerekli olan bir IP adresini fiziksel (MAC) bir adrese e\u015flemesini sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"arp-mesajinin-islenmesi\">ARP Mesaj\u0131n\u0131n \u0130\u015flenmesi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bir ARP (Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc) mesaj\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, cihaz a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki i\u015flem ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ayg\u0131t, a\u011f arabirimi i\u00e7in ayg\u0131t\u0131n bekledi\u011fi de\u011ferlerle e\u015fle\u015fti\u011finden emin olmak i\u00e7in ARP mesaj\u0131ndaki donan\u0131m ve protokol t\u00fcr\u00fc alanlar\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder.<\/li><li>Cihaz, ARP mesaj\u0131n\u0131n bir ARP iste\u011fi mi yoksa bir ARP yan\u0131t\u0131 m\u0131 oldu\u011funu belirlemek i\u00e7in i\u015flem kodu alan\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder.<\/li><li>ARP mesaj\u0131 bir ARP iste\u011fi ise, cihaz, cihaz\u0131n IP adresiyle e\u015fle\u015fip e\u015fle\u015fmedi\u011fini g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in hedef protokol adresi alan\u0131n\u0131 kontrol eder. Varsa, cihaz kendi MAC adresini i\u00e7eren bir ARP yan\u0131t\u0131yla yan\u0131t verir.<\/li><li>ARP mesaj\u0131 bir ARP yan\u0131t\u0131ysa, cihaz ARP \u00f6nbelle\u011fini ARP yan\u0131t\u0131nda yer alan IP-MAC adres e\u015flemesi ile g\u00fcnceller. Bu, cihaz\u0131n, g\u00f6nderen cihazla sonraki ileti\u015fim i\u00e7in MAC adresine h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde eri\u015fmesini sa\u011flar.<\/li><li>ARP mesaj\u0131 ne bir ARP iste\u011fi ne de bir ARP yan\u0131t\u0131 de\u011filse, cihaz mesaj\u0131 atar.<\/li><li>Cihaz ayr\u0131ca ARP mesaj\u0131n\u0131n ge\u00e7erli oldu\u011fundan ve kurcalanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan emin olmak i\u00e7in kontroller ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. \u00d6rne\u011fin, cihaz, g\u00f6nderen cihaz i\u00e7in beklenen adresle e\u015fle\u015fti\u011finden emin olmak i\u00e7in g\u00f6nderenin MAC adresini kontrol edebilir.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>ARP i\u015fleme, yerel bir a\u011fdaki cihazlar aras\u0131ndaki ileti\u015fim i\u00e7in gereklidir. ARP, cihazlar\u0131n bir IP adresini bir a\u011fdaki cihazlar aras\u0131nda veri g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in gerekli olan bir fiziksel (MAC) adrese e\u015flemesine izin verir. ARP mesajlar\u0131, ARP \u00f6nbelleklerini g\u00fcncellemek ve IP-MAC adres e\u015flemelerinin do\u011fru olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in genellikle d\u00fczenli aral\u0131klarla g\u00f6nderilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ayni-agda-arp-fiziksel-adreslerinin-cozumlenmesi\">Ayn\u0131 A\u011fda Arp Fiziksel Adreslerinin \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmlenmesi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayn\u0131 a\u011fdaki ARP (Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc) fiziksel adreslerini \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in bir cihaz a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 kullanabilir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cihaz, hedef IP adresi i\u00e7in zaten bir e\u015flemeye sahip olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6rmek i\u00e7in ARP \u00f6nbelle\u011fini kontrol eder. E\u015fleme mevcutsa, cihaz, hedef cihaza veri g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in ili\u015fkili MAC adresini kullanabilir.<\/li><li>ARP \u00f6nbelle\u011finde e\u015fleme yoksa, cihaz yerel a\u011fa bir ARP istek yay\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6nderir ve hedef IP adresine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen MAC adresini ister.<\/li><li>ARP iste\u011fi yerel a\u011fdaki t\u00fcm cihazlar taraf\u0131ndan al\u0131n\u0131r, ancak yaln\u0131zca kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen IP adresine sahip cihaz MAC adresiyle yan\u0131t verir. Yan\u0131t do\u011frudan istekte bulunan cihaza g\u00f6nderilir.<\/li><li>\u0130stekte bulunan cihaz, ARP yan\u0131t\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131r ve IP-MAC adres e\u015flemesini ARP \u00f6nbelle\u011fine ekler. Bu, hedef cihazla ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cihaz, hedef IP adresi i\u00e7in MAC adresini \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmledikten sonra verileri do\u011frudan hedef cihaza g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in MAC adresini kullanabilir. Bu i\u015flem, ARP \u00f6nbelleklerini g\u00fcncellemek ve IP-MAC adres e\u015flemelerinin do\u011fru olmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in periyodik olarak tekrarlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ARP&#8217;nin, bir bilgisayar korsan\u0131n\u0131n a\u011f trafi\u011fini engellemek ve manip\u00fcle etmek i\u00e7in yanl\u0131\u015f ARP mesajlar\u0131 g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi ARP sahtekarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 gibi sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 savunmas\u0131z olabilece\u011fini unutmamak \u00f6nemlidir. Bu riski azaltmak i\u00e7in bir\u00e7ok a\u011f g\u00fcvenlik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc, ARP sahtekarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 tespit eden ve \u00f6nleyen \u00f6zellikler i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"arp-vs-reverse-address-resolution-protocol-rarp-arasindaki-farklar\">ARP vs. Reverse Address Resolution Protocol &#8211; RARP Aras\u0131ndaki Farklar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ARP (Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc) <\/strong>ve <strong>RARP (Reverse Address Resolution Protocol &#8211; Ters Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc)<\/strong>, bir adresi bir a\u011f katman\u0131ndan di\u011ferine e\u015flemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan a\u011f protokolleridir. Ancak, kullan\u0131m ve i\u015flevleri bak\u0131m\u0131ndan farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6sterir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ARP, bir a\u011f katman\u0131 IP adresini bir yerel a\u011f \u00fczerindeki bir veri ba\u011flant\u0131 katman\u0131 MAC adresine e\u015flemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. ARP, bir a\u011f i\u00e7indeki cihazlar\u0131n, OSI modelinin veri ba\u011flant\u0131 katman\u0131ndaki a\u011f aray\u00fczlerini tan\u0131mlamak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan benzersiz MAC adreslerini kullanarak birbirleriyle ileti\u015fim kurmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00d6te yandan RARP, bir veri ba\u011flant\u0131 katman\u0131 MAC adresini bir a\u011f katman\u0131 IP adresine e\u015flemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. RARP, \u00f6ncelikle eski bilgisayar sistemlerinde, disksiz i\u015f istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n MAC adresini g\u00f6ndererek bir RARP sunucusundan bir IP adresi almas\u0131na izin vermek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>ARP ve RARP aras\u0131ndaki temel fark<\/strong>, adres \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlemesinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti\u011fi y\u00f6nd\u00fcr. ARP, IP adreslerini MAC adreslerine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerken, RARP, MAC adreslerini IP adreslerine \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca ARP, OSI modelinin veri ba\u011flant\u0131 katman\u0131nda (Katman 2), RARP ise a\u011f katman\u0131nda (Katman 3) \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. ARP, IP (\u0130nternet Protokol\u00fc) gibi a\u011f katman\u0131 protokolleri ile birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, RARP, Ethernet gibi veri ba\u011flant\u0131 katman\u0131 protokolleri ile birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Genel olarak, ARP yerel a\u011f ileti\u015fimi i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan temel bir protokol olsa da, modern a\u011f ortamlar\u0131nda IP adresi atamas\u0131 i\u00e7in RARP b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) ile de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"adres-cozumleme-protokolunun-calisma-esaslarini-duzenleyen-standartlar\">Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Esaslar\u0131n\u0131 D\u00fczenleyen Standartlar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fcn\u00fcn (ARP) \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma ilkeleri<\/strong>, Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) taraf\u0131ndan RFC 826&#8217;da standartla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu belge, ARP i\u00e7in protokol format\u0131n\u0131, i\u015fleyi\u015fini ve mesaj al\u0131\u015fveri\u015flerini belirtir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RFC 826&#8217;ya ek olarak, ARP ve onun a\u011f ortamlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131yla ilgili birka\u00e7 ba\u015fka RFC vard\u0131r. Bunlar a\u015fa\u011f\u0131dakileri i\u00e7erir:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-rfc-5227-ipv4-address-conflict-detection\">1. RFC 5227 &#8211; IPv4 Address Conflict Detection<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu belge, bir IPv4 a\u011f\u0131nda, iki veya daha fazla cihaz ayn\u0131 IP adresine sahip oldu\u011funda meydana gelebilecek IP adresi \u00e7ak\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etme ve \u00e7\u00f6zme prosed\u00fcrlerini belirtir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-rfc-5494-iana-allocation-guidelines-for-the-address-resolution-protocol-arp\">2. RFC 5494 &#8211;&nbsp; IANA Allocation Guidelines for the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu belge, Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) taraf\u0131ndan ARP mesaj t\u00fcrlerinin, donan\u0131m t\u00fcrlerinin ve protokol t\u00fcrlerinin tahsisi ve kullan\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in y\u00f6nergeler sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-rfc-5493-requirements-for-the-address-resolution-protocol-arp\">3. RFC 5493 &#8211; Requirements for the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu belge, a\u011f ortamlar\u0131nda g\u00fcvenlik, \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilirlik ve birlikte \u00e7al\u0131\u015fabilirlik a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan ARP&#8217;nin gereksinimlerini ana hatlar\u0131yla belirtir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-rfc-903-a-reverse-address-resolution-protocol\">4. RFC 903 &#8211; A Reverse Address Resolution Protocol<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>RFC 903 veya &#8220;Ters Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc&#8221;, Ters Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fcn\u00fc (RARP) tan\u0131mlayan bir belgedir. RARP, sunucuya fiziksel (MAC) adresini g\u00f6ndererek bir a\u011f sunucusundan IP adresi almak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir protokold\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RARP, bir a\u011f ortam\u0131nda disksiz i\u015f istasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131 sorununu \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in tasarlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kendi IP adresini depolayacak bir yerel disk veya depolama ayg\u0131t\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, disksiz bir i\u015f istasyonunun di\u011fer ayg\u0131tlarla ileti\u015fim kurabilmesi i\u00e7in a\u011fdaki bir sunucudan IP adresini almas\u0131 gerekir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RARP, istekte bulunan cihaz\u0131n MAC adresini i\u00e7eren bir RARP istek paketi g\u00f6ndererek \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r. RARP sunucusu daha sonra MAC adresine kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen IP adresini i\u00e7eren bir RARP yan\u0131t paketi ile yan\u0131t verir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>RARP ge\u00e7mi\u015fte yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131rken, modern a\u011f ortamlar\u0131nda IP adresi atamas\u0131 i\u00e7in yerini b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hosting.com.tr\/bilgi-bankasi\/dhcp-nedir\/\">DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)<\/a> alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. DHCP, IP adresi atamas\u0131 i\u00e7in daha esnek ve \u00f6l\u00e7eklenebilir bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm sa\u011flar ve istemcilere alt a\u011f maskesi ve varsay\u0131lan a\u011f ge\u00e7idi ayarlar\u0131 gibi ek yap\u0131land\u0131rma bilgileri de sa\u011flayabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Yukar\u0131daki RFC&#8217;ler, ARP&#8217;nin a\u011f ortamlar\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kapsaml\u0131 bir standart ve y\u00f6nergeler seti sa\u011flar.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"ARP (Address Resolution Protocol) yani Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc, OSI modelindeki a\u011f katman\u0131n\u0131n en \u00f6nemli protokollerinden biridir ve sistemin&hellip;\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":10064,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"csco_singular_sidebar":"","csco_page_header_type":"","csco_appearance_grid":"","csco_page_load_nextpost":"","csco_post_video_location":[],"csco_post_video_location_hash":"","csco_post_video_url":"","csco_post_video_bg_start_time":0,"csco_post_video_bg_end_time":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[349],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-10060","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-guvenlik","8":"cs-entry","9":"cs-video-wrap"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>ARP (Adres \u00c7\u00f6z\u00fcmleme Protokol\u00fc) Nedir? 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